Old Bailey (Central Criminal Court)

The Old Bailey, formally known as the Central Criminal Court, represents one of London’s most significant judicial institutions, where some of Britain’s most notable criminal cases have been decided over more than three centuries.

The current building, completed in 1907, stands on the site of the notorious Newgate Prison, which housed criminals from the 12th century until its demolition in 1902. The court’s popular name derives from the street on which it sits, Bailey being an old English term for the outer wall of a castle. The building’s Edwardian baroque architecture, designed by Edward Mountford, features a distinctive copper dome crowned by a bronze figure of Lady Justice, holding scales and a sword but notably not blindfolded, symbolising the court’s role in ensuring justice is both seen and done.

The courthouse gained particular prominence during the 20th century, hosting trials that captured national attention, including those of notorious criminals and wartime cases. Its 18 courtrooms continue to handle the most serious criminal cases in England and Wales, from murder and fraud to terrorism charges. The building itself survived significant damage during the London Blitz, requiring extensive restoration work that preserved its historical character while modernising its facilities.

Architecturally, the Old Bailey showcases the grandeur typical of Edwardian public buildings, with its Portland stone façade, ornate interior decoration, and impressive Great Hall. The building’s design reflects the solemnity and importance of the judicial process, featuring marble columns, decorative plasterwork, and stained glass windows that create an atmosphere befitting the gravity of the proceedings conducted within.

Public galleries in most courtrooms allow visitors to observe trials in progress, providing insight into the British legal system. Access to these galleries operates on a first-come, first-served basis, with security screening required for all visitors. Photography and recording devices are strictly prohibited throughout the building, and appropriate dress standards apply for all court areas.

Guided tours of the Old Bailey take place on selected dates throughout the year, typically lasting 90 minutes and including access to historical areas not usually open to the public. These tours provide detailed information about the building’s history, architecture, and role in British justice. Tour availability remains limited, with advance booking essential through the City of London Corporation.

The building’s location in the City of London places it within walking distance of several significant landmarks. St Paul’s Cathedral stands just minutes away to the south, while the historic Smithfield Market and the Charterhouse lie to the north. The nearby Church of St Sepulchre, known as the Musicians’ Church, maintains historical connections to the old Newgate Prison and offers additional context for understanding the area’s judicial heritage.

For those attending court proceedings as observers, arriving early ensures better prospects of gaining admission to popular cases, though the court cannot guarantee access to specific trials. Standard court sessions run Monday through Friday, with some variation during legal holidays and vacation periods.

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